From the Archive: How the Past Shadows China's Future: A Conversation With Odd Arne Westad

文安立深度访谈:中国崛起的历史回响!

The Foreign Affairs Interview

2026-08-13

1 小时 1 分钟
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At the end of last year, editor Dan Kurtz-Phelan spoke with the historian Odd Arne Westad about China’s complicated past and how that history shapes the way Chinese leaders see their country’s place in the world today.  Policymakers and analysts argue over the implications of China’s rise, the extent of its ambitions, the nature of its economic influence, and the meaning of its growing military strength. Underlying these arguments is a widespread sense that where Beijing once seemed likely to slot comfortably into a U.S.-led international order, China now poses a profound challenge to American interests. And as leaders in Beijing watch Washington struggle against Iran, rankle allies and partners, and retreat from the international system it built, they sense a moment of opportunity—and are looking to their own history for the lessons, or warnings, it might hold.  No one brings more perspective to these arguments than Westad. In a series of essays in Foreign Affairs over the past few years, Westad has explored the drivers of China’s foreign policy, its approach to global power, and its fraught ties with the United States. He sees in the long arc of Chinese and global history a stark warning about the potential for greater conflict, including a war between China and the United States. He also, however, sees lessons for policymakers today about how to avert such an outcome. You can find sources, transcripts, and more episodes of The Foreign Affairs Interview at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/podcasts/foreign-affairs-interview.
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  • This week, we're pleased to bring you a particularly rich and relevant episode from our archives.

  • At the end of last year, I spoke with the historian Odd Arne Westad about China's complicated past

  • and how that history shapes the way Chinese leaders see their country's place in the world today.

  • Policymakers in Beijing are now watching Washington struggle against Iran, rankle allies and partners,

  • and retreat from the international system it built.

  • They sense a moment of opportunity and are looking to their own history for the lessons or warnings it might hold.

  • I hope you enjoy our conversation with Odd Arne Westad. We'll be back next week with a new episode.

  • As we see from the 20th century, for great powers, appetite sometimes increases with eating.

  • So, the fact that China doesn't today have a uniform strategy for becoming globally predominant

  • is not the same thing as China wouldn't move there over time if given the opportunity to do so.

  • The biggest questions in US foreign policy today tend to be about China.

  • Policymakers and analysts argue over the implications of China's rise, the extent of its ambitions,

  • the nature of its economic influence, and the meaning of its growing military strength.

  • Underlying these arguments is a widespread sense that where Beijing once seemed likely

  • to slot comfortably into a US-led international order, it now posed a profound challenge to American interests.

  • No one brings more perspective to these arguments than the historian Odd Arne Westad.

  • In a series of essays in Foreign Affairs over the past few years,

  • Westad has explored the drivers of China's foreign policy, its approach to global power,

  • and its fraught ties with the United States.

  • He sees in the long arc of Chinese and global history a stark warning about the potential for conflict,