China knows that governing new tech can be harder than inventing it

创新与监管的两难天平

Economist

2026-05-15

6 分钟
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  • The drone training centre has everything a budding pilot needs: an open field for mastering the basics,

  • an obstacle course for refining precision and computers for learning to program distant flights.

  • But its most important feature is where it is.

  • This month Beijing banned drone sales within the city because of security concerns.

  • The Shenghang centre is across the border in Hebei province, where restrictions are looser.

  • "Activity is beginning to move out here," says Bai Jiantong, its director.

  • Looser, though, does not mean loose.

  • Every morning the school checks with air-traffic control whether its drones can fly.

  • Its permitted airspace extends upwards exactly 50 metres.

  • And its students must train for nearly three months and pass a tough test before receiving certification.

  • China's effort to corral its drones mirrors a debate now consuming officials the world over:

  • how tightly to grip a technology before it runs wild.

  • The dilemma—enough freedom for innovation, enough control to prevent disaster—

  • is the central regulatory challenge of the age,

  • repeated across autonomous driving, artificial intelligence and much else.

  • China's approach matters, because in many of these fields it is at or near the frontier.

  • Confusingly, two opposing narratives dominate discussions about China's tech regulations.

  • One is that it is unusually permissive:

  • an under-developed legal system means companies are not bound by red tape;

  • local governments vie for investment by letting entrepreneurs experiment;