A new era of biology beckons

一个崭新的生物学时代即将到来。

Babbage from The Economist

2026-07-08

39 分钟
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Edith Heard worked out how the X chromosome works in women. She has spent decades leading thousands of scientists in trying to understand how the molecules in cells make organisms tick. She also ushered in biology's AI era, by helping Google DeepMind build its Nobel-prize-winning AlphaFold algorithm. Now she's at the head of Europe's biggest biomedical research institute—and ready to tackle biology's most difficult problems. Guests and hosts: Edith Heard, chief executive of the Francis Crick InstituteAlok Jha, The Economist's science and technology editor  Topics covered: EpigeneticsX-chromosome inactivationThe Francis Crick Institute Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts. Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.
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  • This episode of Babbage is supported by IDA Ireland,

  • with the highest share of STEM graduates per capita in the EU.

  • IDA Ireland can help source the skills you need to internationalize and thrive.

  • Visit IDA Ireland.com to learn more.

  • The Economist.

  • What kind of person do you have to be to run Europe's largest biomedical research laboratory?

  • Well, first, you have to be an accomplished scientist at the upper echelons of your field.

  • You probably also need a lot of resilience and resolve.

  • Things are not going to go your way for most of the time.

  • And finally, you also need to understand how to lead.

  • Scientists are a famously, shall we say, independent group of people and potentially quite hard to manage.

  • You need to know what it takes

  • and not only do you need to know what it feels like not to have good.

  • Well, what it feels like, what it takes to keep encouraging not just the scientists, the individuals,

  • but also the infrastructure required, you know, what are the technologies that we need?

  • Edith Heard is an accomplished scientist.

  • Her decades of work illuminated how the X chromosome actually works in people

  • and how and why one copy of it is usually silenced in the cells of women.

  • Is she resilient?

  • Well, she spent a decade in the scientific wilderness, developing and testing her ideas about the X chromosome to destruction,