Ageing workers in East Asia are essential. More are needed

东亚老人为何不退休

Economist

2026-05-01

7 分钟
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  • HONDA TAMIKO began working as a child on her family's farm

  • back when Japan was at war with America.

  • Now 93, Ms Honda still puts in a hard day's toil

  • as a janitor at a McDonald's branch in Kumamoto, in southern Japan.

  • Ms Honda says her pension is plenty to live off; she chooses to keep showing up.

  • "Humans are animals, after all," she chuckles.

  • "We have to keep moving as much as we can."

  • Ms Honda is the oldest in McDonald's crew of some 220,000 in Japan.

  • But she is less an outlier than a harbinger.

  • As people live longer, they are staying healthy for longer and working longer, too.

  • Japan and its neighbour South Korea, two of the most rapidly ageing countries,

  • are at the forefront of this transition.

  • Nearly 40% of South Koreans and more than 25% of Japanese aged above 65 remain at work,

  • the highest rates in the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries (see chart).

  • But labour markets and social systems designed for a different demographic era

  • struggle to make the most of those who can work and to support those who can't.

  • Many people in both Japan and South Korea keep working out of necessity.

  • More than half of elderly employees in Japan say they work for income.

  • The financial pressure is even greater in South Korea,

  • where the pension system failed to keep pace with the country's rapid development after the Korean war,