671. Why Has There Been So Little Progress on Alzheimer’s Disease?

为什么在阿尔茨海默病的研究上进展如此之少?

Freakonomics Radio

2026-04-17

1 小时 1 分钟
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One possibility: a leading hypothesis pursued by researchers (and funders) was built on science that now appears to be fraudulent. Stephen Dubner speaks with the scientist and the journalist who blew the whistle.   SOURCES: Charles Piller, investigative journalist for Science, author of Doctored. Matthew Schrag, associate professor of neurology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.   RESOURCES: Doctored: Fraud, Arrogance, and Tragedy in the Quest to Cure Alzheimer's, by Charles Piller (2025). "The brain makes a lot of waste. Now scientists think they know where it goes," by Jon Hamilton (NPR, 2024). "The history of Alzheimer’s disease," by Lisa Kiani and Richard Hodson (Nature, 2024).   EXTRAS: "Can Marty Makary Fix the F.D.A.?" by Freakonomics Radio (2026). "Are You Ready for the Elder Swell?" by Freakonomics Radio (2025). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
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  • You may have seen the news recently about two new FDA-approved blood tests

  • that may detect Alzheimer's disease in the early stages.

  • Early detection is important for any disease,

  • but especially for Alzheimer's, which can take root for 20 years before symptoms develop.

  • These symptoms, as you probably know, include memory loss and other cognitive, physiological and behavioral issues.

  • The reason I say that you probably know these symptoms is because Alzheimer's affects more than 7 million people in the U.S.

  • Most of them over 65.

  • Age-related memory loss has been seen throughout human history,

  • but the disease was not formally documented until 1906 by the German physician Alois Alzheimer.

  • When Alzheimer autopsied the brain of a woman who had had memory loss and hallucinations,

  • he found that her brain had shrunk and withered with numerous tangles and what he called peculiar deposits.

  • Scientists have been trying to figure out those deposits and tangles ever since.

  • The National Institutes of Health spends around $4 billion a year on Alzheimer's and dementia research.

  • That's up from around $1 billion a decade ago, and that puts it second only to cancer spending.

  • Which makes sense because the elderly population in the U.S.

  • Is big and getting bigger.

  • Much of this Alzheimer's research is centered around one dominant theory of the disease.

  • But what if that theory is flawed?

  • No one's getting better with these drugs.

  • Every scientist who works with them, every clinician, will say the same.