Why does heartbreak hurt so much

Introduction Anyone who has had their heart broken will know how horrible it feels. But did you know that the pain you feel is not just imaginary – it registers in the same part of the brain that processes physical pain. So, why do we feel this pain? And if it feels so bad, what is the point of being in love in the first place? Neil and Georgie discuss this and teach you some new vocabulary. This week's question Which theory, developed by psychologists in the 1950s, describes a link between children's early bonds with their parents and their romantic relationships as adults? a) contraction theory b) attachment theory c) superstition theory Listen to the programme to hear the answer. Vocabulary heartbreak feeling of intense, painful sadness after the end of a relationship   addicted to unable to cut a connection with someone or something because you depend on it or want more of it all the time   orientated/oriented towards focused on someone, so that you think about them before others   social bonds close relationships between family, friends and romantic partners   longevity length of time you will live   ex previous romantic partner TRANSCRIPT Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.  Neil Hi Georgie.   Georgie Hi Neil.   Neil Now, I want you to think back to the last time you had your heart broken. How did it feel?   Georgie It was a couple of years ago. And I just remember a really intense, sad emotion. But it also sometimes feels like a physical pain in your stomach, doesn't it?   Neil It does. It's like real pain, isn't it? And today, in 6 Minute English, we're talking about heartbreak. Now, heartbreak is the feeling of sadness we get when we lose someone we love. And that pain you feel, it's not just imaginary. In this podcast, we'll be understanding how our brains change when we fall in love and asking the question, why does heartbreak hurt so much?   Georgie And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary. You can find the full list and the definitions at bbclearningenglish.com. Neil Georgie, we're going to start with a quiz question. Are you ready?   Georgie I am very ready.   Neil So, in the 1950s, psychologists noticed a link between children's early bonds with their parents and their romantic relationships as adults, but what is this theory called? Is it:   a)    contraction theory, b)    attachment theory, or c)    superstition theory?   Georgie I think it's b) attachment theory.   Neil OK. Well, we will find out at the end of the programme.   Georgie What's going on in our brains when we fall in love?   Neil Well, scientists have scanned people's brains while they're looking at a photo of their romantic partner. And they found that looking at someone you're in love with activates a part of the brain that also reminds us to eat and drink.   Georgie And do scientists know why being in love impacts our brain in this way?   Neil So, it's all about survival. Our brains have evolved to be this way. Dr Lucy Brown explains more to the BBC World Service.   Dr Lucy Brown This is a survival system. Nature gave us these systems to be addicted to each other – for reproduction, for protection. You're oriented completely toward the other person. It's like hunger or thirst.   Georgie Lucy says our brains make us addicted to our romantic partners. If you're addicted to something, you want more of it. You can literally be addicted to things like drugs or alcohol, but we also use it metaphorically to talk about things we love.   Neil She says that romantic partners are oriented to each other, which in British English we say orientated, and it means they are pointed towards each other. They think of each other before other people.   Georgie Neil, is there anything else scientists have discovered from scanning the brains of people in love?   Neil Well, being in love doesn't just change the way we think. It changes our whole identity. A 2013 study showed us more about this. People were shown statements about themselves – for example, Neil is kind – and the part of the brain we use to think about ourselves lit up. When showing the same statements about their partner, the same part of the brain was active – not the part of the brain we generally use to think about others.   Georgie So, Neil, are all of these brain changes that come with being in love actually good for us?   Neil Well, studies suggest that good social connections help manage stress and support our immune system. Professor Zoe Donaldson explained more to the BBC World Service.   Professor Zoe Donaldson Having really strong social bonds increases your likelihood that you'll survive from just about anything, whether that be cancer, depression, etc. And it overall is the number one predictor of longevity. So, if you are lonely and you don't have bonds, then your mortality risk goes up in a way that's equivalent to being obese or smoking.   Georgie So, having strong social bonds or close relationships with other people makes you more likely to survive disease, according to Zoe.   Neil Yes, it's an important factor in our longevity, which means how long we live. In fact, Zoe says, being lonely and not having good social bonds increases your mortality risk, your risk of dying, by as much as being obese or smoking. Georgie OK. So, what happens when these bonds are broken, when we experience heartbreak?   Neil Well, scientists have been looking at this by asking people to look at photos of their exes, their former partners, and scanning their brains. They found that heartbreak activates parts of the brain we use when we're in danger or in pain. Professor Zoe Donaldson explains more.   Professor Zoe Donaldson It's literal pain in your brain. So, if you look at the parts of the brain that light up, they overlap with the same brain regions that are activated when you feel visceral pain – when you feel actual, you know... like you get a burn, or you break a... you break a bone.   Neil OK. So, now it's time for the answer to the quiz question I asked you. It was about a theory developed by psychologists in the 1950s, which says that children's early relationships with their parents impact their relationships as adults. What's the name of the theory?   Georgie I was quite confident about this, wasn't I, Neil? I said attachment theory.   Neil Well, you had a reason to be confident because you are correct.   Georgie Yay! OK. Let's recap the vocabulary we learnt in this programme, starting with heartbreak, which is the feeling you experience after you lose someone you love.   Neil If you're addicted to someone or something, you want more of it all the time.   Georgie Oriented or orientated towards is used metaphorically to mean that someone or something is your main focus.   Neil Social bonds are the close relationships we have with family, friends and romantic partners.   Georgie Longevity means how long you'll live.   Neil And an ex is a past romantic partner that you are no longer in a relationship with.   Georgie Once again, our six minutes are up, but you can test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website. Go to bbclearningenglish.com.   Neil Thanks for joining us and goodbye.   Georgie Goodbye. What do you think of the new version of 6 Minute English? Email us at learningenglish@bbc.co.uk. Next Find an A-Z list of our programmes. Find more programmes for your level here.  Practise your reading skills with The Reading Room.