China’s government both drives and constrains the rise of AI

中国AI狂飙背后的真相

Economist

2026-03-25

6 分钟
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  • It can seem like artificial intelligence is suddenly everywhere in China.

  • From banking to shopping and maps to ride-hailing, almost all major Chinese mobile apps now offer ai chatbots.

  • Universities are creating courses in ai.

  • To shop for a toilet seat is to learn of ai-enhanced options that monitor urine quality.

  • To order yoghurt from an upscale chain involves scanning your face

  • so that its ai model can tailor its fermented product to your needs.

  • Of course, ai is not actually everywhere.

  • But this being China, a country that loves presenting positive data,

  • the government will tell you exactly how far it has got:

  • by 2025, 42.8% of the country had "adopted" generative ai,

  • double a year earlier.

  • At this rate China is on track to hit its target

  • of a 90% ai "penetration rate" by 2030.

  • Never mind the precise meanings of adoption or penetration.

  • The questionable statistic itself is a small emblem of China's ai story:

  • the state's hands-on role in pushing the technology.

  • Ever since China's "DeepSeek moment" last year,

  • when an unknown startup shocked the world by exhibiting advanced capabilities

  • at a fraction of the cost of Western models,

  • attention has focused on the race to build the best ai models.