The new economics of sex work

性工作的新经济学

Economist

2026-03-19

7 分钟
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  • Economists claim to study markets in all their forms.

  • But one, in particular, seems to make them blush: sex work.

  • In a new book, "Sex Work by Numbers", Stef Adriaenssens of KU Leuven, a university in Belgium, estimates

  • that less than 5% of the 18,232 academic publications

  • on the industry produced between 2000 and 2024 took an economic or business view.

  • By comparison, 40% concerned biology or medicine, more than 25% related

  • to psychology or psychiatry and almost 20% had to do with the law.

  • A quick search for "sex work" or "prostitution" in the database of the National Bureau of Economic Research,

  • a collection of working papers, generates just 178 results among 35,450 articles.

  • That is a big omission for what is a large industry.

  • Porn alone is thought to generate almost $100bn in revenues a year worldwide, twice as much as AI.

  • OnlyFans, a subscription site known for X-rated content, hosts 4.6m creators, many of them in adult entertainment.

  • It has 380m users who together spend over $7bn a year.

  • Estimates from UNAIDS, a UN agency, put the share of the world's women aged 15 and over engaged

  • in "exchange of sexual services" at 0.6%.

  • In sub-Saharan Africa, this rises to 1.3%.

  • Sex work is, granted, difficult to study.

  • It covers all manner of X-rated activities.

  • A streetwalker in Nairobi, a high-end escort in London and a cam-girl in Kyiv inhabit utterly different economic worlds.

  • Many switch between pornography, stripping and prostitution as demand requires.