China’s hereditary elite is taking shape

中国的世袭精英阶层正在形成

Economist

2026-03-13

7 分钟
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  • Over the past half-century, China has conjured vast wealth out of widespread poverty.

  • Now comes the vexing part: how to pass it on to the next generation.

  • For China, this poses a new and underappreciated risk.

  • On its current trajectory, the first great intergenerational transfer in China's modern history

  • will widen inequality, cement privilege and breed resentment.

  • The government, devoted to "common prosperity", is shockingly insouciant about what that will mean.

  • In 1978, on the eve of China's economic take-off,

  • the average household's assets were worth barely $1,500 in today's money.

  • Now, that figure has reached about $170,000, a hundred-fold real increase.

  • Alas, the fruits are uneven.

  • The richest 10% of the population now own nearly 70% of China's total private wealth,

  • roughly equal with America and well above most advanced economies,

  • according to the World Inequality Database.

  • And the richest 10% are, like most of China, rapidly ageing.

  • Their heirs are in line for windfalls.

  • Across the rich world, increasing hereditary wealth is creating a class

  • more inclined to search out tax loopholes than to strive or innovate.

  • China will have those problems and more.

  • First, its inheritocracy is brand new.

  • It was only in the 1990s, when China allowed homeownership,