How four years of war have changed Russia

四载战火如何改变俄罗斯

Economist

2026-02-20

18 分钟
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  • A middle-aged man in camouflage gets on a bus in central Moscow.

  • He is holding a plastic bag that contains a bottle of vodka and a can of beer.

  • Slightly swaying, his eyes blurred, he sips alternately from each container.

  • He surveys the other passengers and says to no one in particular,

  • keeping up the defence, keeping up the defence.

  • The passengers look away.

  • They are keen to avoid eye contact with the protagonist of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine.

  • Many Russians try to ignore the war,

  • which began four years ago this week, but that is getting harder.

  • There is no sign of an impending breakdown, political or economic.

  • But even Vladimir Putin's repressive regime cannot paper over the many ways in which the war impinges on everyday life.

  • Simply moving about the country, the reminders are frequent.

  • Defence systems intended to foil Ukrainian drone attacks also confuse the satnavs of cars in Moscow and other cities.

  • This spoofing can make GPS devices think they are 50 kilometres from their actual location.

  • Drivers must study routes in advance, use paper maps or ask for directions.

  • Air travel is another headache.

  • Fears of drones and other military concerns prompted more than 500 airport closures last year.

  • Sanctions prevent the import of spare parts for planes made by Airbus and Boeing,

  • which account for 90% of passenger flights.

  • Last year there were 800 breakdowns, more than triple the tally of the year before.