662. If You’re Not Cheating, You’re Not Trying

如果你不是在作弊,那就说明你没有尽力。

Freakonomics Radio

2026-02-06

52 分钟
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In sports, the rules are meant to be sacrosanct. But when it comes to performance-enhancing drugs, the slope is super-slippery. (Part one of a two-part series.)   SOURCES:April Henning, associate professor of international sport management at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland.Aron D'Souza, founder of the Enhanced Games.Floyd Landis, former professional cyclist, founder of Floyd's of Leadville.Louisa Thomas, staff writer at The New Yorker.  RESOURCES:Doping: A Sporting History, by April Henning and Paul Dimeo (2022)."The Man Who Brought Down Lance Armstrong," by Matt Hart (The Atlantic, 2018).Cycle of Lies: The Fall of Lance Armstrong, by Juliet Macur (2014).Positively False: The Real Story of How I Won the Tour de France, by Floyd Landis (2007).Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll (1865).  EXTRAS:"Has Lance Armstrong Finally Come Clean?" by Freakonomics Radio (2018). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
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  • There are a lot of explanations going around for why our political moment feels more chaotic than many of us have ever experienced.

  • Let me offer up one more explanation.

  • It has to do with rules.

  • My belief is that many people in many different circumstances have come to think that the rules we live by are stupid.

  • So stupid that the only sensible thing to do is break them.

  • And if you get away with it, then you've got the confidence to just keep going.

  • And now you've got different people playing the game of life by totally different rules.

  • How do we think that's going to work out?

  • All this got me thinking about one place where rules are still followed,

  • for the most part, at least.

  • And that's what we're going to talk about today.

  • Can I take you on a really weird digression?

  • I would love a weird digression.

  • Okay, down a rabbit hole?

  • Sure.

  • Have you read Alice's Adventures in Wonderland?

  • Not in approximately 45 years, but yeah.

  • I read it when I was at sophomore in college.

  • I was one of those annoyingly good students who took notes in the margins and I wrote all my papers on time.

  • Anyway, so my daughter was five or six.