The dangerous rise of Buddhist extremism: ‘Attaining nirvana can wait’

佛教极端主义的危险抬头:“涅槃可得,此刻且缓”

The Audio Long Read

2026-01-16

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Still largely viewed as a peaceful philosophy, across much of south-east Asia, the religion has been weaponised to serve nationalist goals By Sonia Faleiro. Read by Dinita Gohil. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/longreadpod
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  • This is The Guardian.

  • Welcome to The Guardian Long Read,

  • showcasing the best long-form journalism covering culture, politics and new thinking.

  • For the text version of this and all our long reads, go to TheGuardian.com forward slash long read.

  • A taining nirvana can wait, by Sonia Fallero, read by Danita Goho.

  • In the summer of 2023, I arrived in Dharamshala,

  • an Indian town celebrated as the home of the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual leader.

  • The place hadn't changed much since my last visit almost two decades ago.

  • The roads were still a patchwork of uneven asphalt and dirt,

  • and Tibetan monks in maroon robes filled the streets.

  • Despite the relentless hum of traffic, Dharamshala had a rare stillness.

  • The hills seemed to absorb the noise.

  • Prayer flags flickered in the breeze, each rustle a reminder of something enduring.

  • But beneath the surface, the Buddhism practice across Asia has shifted.

  • While still widely followed as a peaceful, non-violent philosophy,

  • it has been weaponized in some quarters in the service of nationalism and in support of governments embracing a global trend toward majoritarianism and autocracy.

  • In countries such as Sri Lanka and Myanmar, where the conservative Theravada strain predominates,

  • monks have emerged as central figures in movements that promote sectarian hatred.

  • abandoning the teachings of the Buddha in favour of a more common and earthly goal, political power.

  • My journey to Dharamshala and across other parts of the Buddhist world was driven by a need to understand how this transformation had occurred.