How cocaine smuggling through Latin America really works

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• 00:10

  NPR Former Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro appeared in a New York court yesterday.

• 00:16

  He pleaded not guilty to drug trafficking and weapons charges.

• 00:19

  This is after an explosive abduction by U.S.

• 00:22

  forces in Caracas and is the culmination of months of American attacks on vessels in the Caribbean and Pacific alleged to be carrying cocaine.

• 00:30

  The attacks have killed at least 115 people.

• 00:33

  The stated motivation for the Trump administration to depose Venezuela's leader extends far beyond cocaine.

• 00:39

  Trump has mentioned oil many times and also the migration of alleged Venezuelan criminals into the US.

• 00:46

  But the drug trafficking accusations against Maduro go back many years under both Republican and Democratic administrations.

• 00:54

  So we wanted to learn more about what cocaine trafficking looks like right now.

• 01:01

  This is The Indicator from Planet Money.

• 01:03

  I'm Darian Woods.

• 01:05

  And I'm Stephen Besaha.

• 01:06

  Today on the show, the cocaine supply chain.

• 01:09

  We traced a drug from leaf to nose and asked how the Venezuelan government might have been involved.

• 01:21

  Hey there, how you doing?

• 01:23

  Good.

• 01:23

  Yann Grillo is a journalist based in Mexico City and the author of the El Narco trilogy of his journalistic work.

• 01:31

  He's been on the drug trafficking beat for 25 years,

• 01:34

  and yet he's got a bit of firsthand experience from a military base in Mexico.

• 01:39

  A general once showed him a pile of seized cocaine.

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