Are the Rich Really Less Generous Than the Poor? (Update)

富人真的比穷人更吝啬吗?(更新)

Freakonomics Radio

2025-12-26

43 分钟
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A series of academic studies suggest that the wealthy are, to put it bluntly, selfish jerks. It’s an easy narrative to embrace — but is it true? As part of GiveDirectly’s “Pods Fight Poverty” campaign, we revisit a 2017 episode.   SOURCES:Jim Andreoni, professor of economics at the University of California, San Diego.Nikos Nikiforakis, professor of economics at New York University in Abu Dhabi.Paul Piff, associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Irvine.Jan Stoop, associate professor of applied economics at the Erasmus School of Economics.  RESOURCES:"Are the Rich More Selfish Than the Poor, or do They Just Have More Money? A Natural Field Experiment," by James Andreoni, Nikos Nikiforakis, and Jan Stoop (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017)."Exploring the Psychology of Wealth, 'Pernicious' Effects of Economic Inequality," (PBS NewsHour, 2013)."Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function," by Anandi Mani, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, and Jiaying Zhao (Science, 2013)."Higher Social Class Predicts Increased Unethical Behavior," by Paul Piff, Daniel Stancato, Stéphane Côté, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, and Dacher Keltner (PNAS, 2011)."Relative Earnings and Giving in a Real-Effort Experiment," by Nisvan Erkal, Lata Gangadharan, and Nikos Nikiforakis (American Economic Review, 2011)."Experimenter Demand Effects in Economic Experiments," by Daniel John Zizzo (Experimental Economics, 2009)."Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving," by James Andreoni (The Economic Journal, 1990)."Privately Provided Public Goods in a Large Economy: The Limits of Altruism," by James Andreoni (Journal of Public Economics, 1987)."A Positive Model of Private Charity and Public Transfers," by Russell Roberts (Journal of Political Economy, 1984).Pods Fight Poverty Campaign on Give Directly.  EXTRAS:“How to Raise Money Without Killing a Kitten,” by Freakonomics Radio (2013). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
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  • Hey there, Steven Dubner.

  • The episode you're about to hear is one that we originally made in 2017,

  • but we have updated it and are replaying it now as part of a new campaign called pods fight poverty,

  • which is run by the charity give directly.

  • Their goal is to well give directly to families in poor countries,

  • which according to the academic research on the topic is a really good idea.

  • If you are inspired to give, and I hope you are, Go to givedirectly.org slash freak radio.

  • We are joining a bunch of fellow podcasters here,

  • and the goal is to collectively raise $1 million, which will lift 700 families out of poverty.

  • 700 families.

  • That's something to feel good about.

  • Again, go to givedirectly.org slash freak radio to learn more about this cause.

  • Thanks for giving whatever you can.

  • And as always, thanks for listening.

  • What inspired this is discussion that has come up in the last four or five years about the growing income disparity.

  • We're rich growing richer, the poorer, poorer.

  • That's Jim Andreoni.

  • I'm a professor of economics at the University of California in San Diego.

  • The discussion he's talking about, now I'm guessing you've had this discussion yourself.

  • The rich, as the data have shown, are getting richer.