Unfinished business (part 2): fixing the “biggest problem” in physics

未竟之事(第二部分):解决物理学的“最大难题”

Babbage from The Economist

2025-12-11

41 分钟
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单集简介 ...

How is it that quantum physics governs the very smallest things in the universe, yet classical, Newtonian rules describe the movements of everything else, from people to planets? In the second of two episodes to mark the centenary of quantum physics, we hear how the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds causes huge inconsistencies—and a debate about the nature of reality itself. Our guest today explains his radical vision for fixing those problems and building a consistent understanding of the universe. Host: Alok Jha, The Economist's science and technology editor. Guest: Vlatko Vedral of the University of Oxford and the author of “Portals to a New Reality”.  If you can't get enough of quantum physics, listen to our 2022 interview with Nobel laureate Anton Zeilinger, one of the scientists who proved that entanglement is a real phenomenon. Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts. Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.
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  • The Economist Quantum physics has turned 100.

  • Last week on Babbage, we told you all about the ways that this frankly mind-bending idea came to be.

  • And yet, all the ways it's been useful in building the modern world.

  • If you heard that episode, you'll know that despite its success,

  • the quantum world leaves a lot of things unexplained.

  • Quantum physics is the description for how the tiniest things in the universe behave.

  • These are subatomic particles, things like electrons and photons.

  • Everything else, such as tennis balls, people, planets, galaxies and so on,

  • that's all described by the laws of Isaac Newton's mechanics, classical mechanics.

  • So as objects get larger from electrons and photons,

  • the classical world just sort of takes over at some point in size.

  • Where is that boundary?

  • And why is there a boundary?

  • Frankly, these sorts of questions have created a lot of headaches.

  • For example, quantum objects can be thought of as both waves and particles,

  • and such objects can't be located in space until they're observed.

  • And electrons say that's meant to be orbiting an atomic nucleus.

  • You'd expect it to be somewhere near the nucleus.

  • But quantum physics tells us that there's a very,

  • very tiny but real possibility that that electron you're looking for is on the other side of the universe.