Amazon crime: how to fix the economics destroying the rainforest

亚马逊犯罪:如何修复正在摧毁热带雨林的经济

Money Talks from The Economist

2025-11-07

35 分钟
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By some measures, the Amazon is a multi-trillion-dollar resource. Five years' worth of global emissions are stored in the rainforest, which is about twice the size of India. But to the 30m people who live there, the trees have almost no economic value, which explains why as much as a fifth of the forest has been cleared to make way for cattle and soybean farms. Ahead of this year's COP climate-change conference in Brazil, The Economist's Gavin Jackson travelled to the Amazon to understand how to fix the incentives driving deforestation. Hosts: Mike Bird and Alice Fulwood. Guest: Gavin Jackson. Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts. Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.
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  • Who would chop down the Amazon rainforest as global temperatures surge?

  • It is a fallacy that the Amazon is a heritage of humanity,

  • and it is also a mistake to say it is the lungs of the world.

  • That's former Brazilian president, Jair Bolsonaro, speaking to the UN in 2019.

  • He was elected that year on a promise to exploit the Amazon,

  • and he delighted his supporters by saying that too much of the forest was protected.

  • Take, for instance, the Yanomami Reserve.

  • 9,000 natives live there.

  • Here, we are in the state of Rio and their reserve is twice the size of the state of Rio.

  • Don't tell me there isn't something wrong with this.

  • But in 2023, Bolsonaro lost out to his rival, Luis Inácio Lula de Silva.

  • And Lula took power, promising to tackle the deforestation which had surged under his predecessor.

  • Mainly because of the Amazon rainforest.

  • Brazil is largely responsible for the world's climate balance.

  • That is why stopping deforestation in the Amazon is also a way to reduce global warming.

  • I'm aware of the scope of the challenge of ending deforestation by 2030,

  • but this is a challenge we're determined to achieve.

  • The Amazon is a huge global resource, but it's also a domestic political football in Brazil.

  • Its destruction could be a huge boon for local cattle ranchers,

  • but a catastrophe for the rest of the world.