How two duelling history influencers explain South Korea’s polarised politics

两位历史影响者如何解析韩国的极化政治

Economist

2025-10-03

44 分钟
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单集文稿 ...

  • The president of South Korea appeared unexpectedly on television at 10.23pm on December 3rd 2024.

  • A grim-faced Yoon Suk Yeol claimed that the opposition-controlled parliament had become a "monster" threatening liberal democracy.

  • He declared martial law,

  • saying it was the only way to eradicate the "shameless pro-North Korean anti-state forces pillaging the freedom and happiness of our people".

  • During his speech, which lasted just six minutes, soldiers in fatigues made their way to the National Election Commission headquarters outside Seoul.

  • They were in search of non-existent evidence of fraud in the vote that had given the opposition control of the legislature earlier that year.

  • CCTV footage shows the armed men glowering at rows of computer servers, as if the data posed a threat.

  • At the cabinet meeting that preceded Yoon's announcement, most members opposed his decision.

  • One person who was there told me that the foreign minister warned Yoon

  • that he would "endanger all of South Korea's achievements over the past 70 years"

  • most notably its remarkable transformation from an impoverished dictatorship into a rich democracy

  • that produces everything from world-bewitching pop music to cutting-edge semiconductors.

  • Minutes after Yoon's declaration, Lee Jae Myung, the leader of what was then the largest opposition party, the Democratic Party (DP),

  • started broadcasting live from the back of a car, the glow of his smartphone illuminating his face.

  • "Although it is late, you, the people, must protect this country," he said.

  • "Democracy is collapsing."

  • Thousands answered the call and gathered outside the National Assembly, South Korea's parliament.

  • Lee's grainy livestream continued as he scaled the parliament's walls and entered its main debating chamber.

  • He was followed by a steady trickle of other parliamentarians, who had walked straight past the troops massed outside.

  • The atmosphere at the National Assembly felt "dangerous and tense", according to one member of the DP who was present.