Our new “wolf warrior” index on Chinese diplomacy

战狼外交

Economist

2025-09-18

4 分钟
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  • China's diplomats could hardly be more busy.

  • More than 20 global leaders have descended on Beijing in recent weeks amid pomp and ceremony.

  • An even greater show may be needed should President Donald Trump visit China next month.

  • Talks between top Chinese and American officials in Spain in recent days suggest the idea is not an impossibility.

  • Knowing exactly what to say, and in what tone, is critical amid all this excitement.

  • Our new index shows that one diplomatic style,

  • once favoured by Chinese bigwigs, will almost certainly be avoided:

  • the "wolf warrior" posturing so prevalent in recent years.

  • This confrontational diplomacy takes its name from the "Wolf Warrior" series of jingoistic blockbusters,

  • in which Leng Feng, a kind of Chinese Rambo, fights off foreign baddies.

  • One of its greatest practitioners was Zhao Lijian, the foreign ministry's spokesperson from 2019 to 2023.

  • He once told a Bloomberg journalist that members of the Five Eyes alliance should be careful, "lest their eyes be poked blind".

  • Why the shift to wolf-warring in the first place?

  • It's possible that

  • Xi Jinping,

  • China's leader, wanted to stamp out any ideological laxity among the foreign ministry's cadres,

  • suggests Ito Asei of the University of Tokyo.

  • It might also have been a distraction from China's domestic woes, such as covid-19.

  • Lu Shaye, China's envoy to France from 2019 to 2025 and a prominent wolf warrior,

  • argued it was simply "self-defence" against aggressive foreigners.