What happens to central banks under pressure?

在压力之下,中央银行将如何应对?

Planet Money

2025-09-06

25 分钟
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单集简介 ...

President Donald Trump has been pressuring the Federal Reserve from a few angles. So we wanted to look at other examples of political pressure on central banks, to see what it might mean for us and for the economy.  Enter the watchers. The people who’ve had their eyes trained on central banks all over the world, for years, notebooks out, scribbling down their observations. They’ve been trying to gauge just how independent of political pressure central banks actually are – and what happens when a central bank loses that independence.  Today on the show, we sidle up next to three of the leading central bank watchers, to watch what they’re watching. Further reading:- Carolina Garriga’s: Central bank independence and inflation volatility in developing countries- Lev Menand’s: A New Measure of Central Bank Independence- Carola Binder’s: Political Pressure on Central Banks Further listening:- Lisa Cook and the fight for the Fed- A primer on the Federal Reserve's independence- The case for Fed independence in the Nixon tapes- A Locked Door, A Secret Meeting And The Birth Of The Fed Subscribe to Planet Money+ Listen free: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the NPR app or anywhere you get podcasts. Facebook / Instagram / TikTok / Our weekly Newsletter. This episode was produced by Willa Rubin with help from Sam Yellowhorse Kesler. It was edited by Marianne McCune and fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Engineering by Robert Rodriguez and Maggie Luthar. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money’s executive producer. Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices NPR Privacy Policy
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  • This is Planet Money from NPR.

  • Carolina Gariga is a watcher.

  • Not a periscope out the submarine binoculars in the bunker kind of watcher,

  • but her scholarly job is to be a kind of lookout for trouble in central banks across the world.

  • She's looking for science.

  • Checking to see

  • if these ideally independent guardians of economic stability from the central bank of Kenya to the Bank of Japan have maybe become vulnerable to political influence.

  • Have you been especially busy lately?

  • Yes.

  • Yes.

  • Yes.

  • It's keeping up with the news.

  • It's becoming a new job for me these days.

  • Carolina isn't usually following political dramas at our central bank, the US Federal Reserve.

  • She's more used to looking elsewhere, like her native Argentina,

  • where the president famously pressured the central bank to do what the president wanted.

  • And it did.

  • And that resulted in spiraling inflation, loss of credibility in the currency.

  • By this time, Carolina was no longer living in Argentina, but she had family back home.

  • And when she'd call them, they would say, well,