U-bend: the changing age of unhappiness

年轻人和中年人

Editor's Picks from The Economist

2025-09-04

6 分钟
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A handpicked article read aloud from the latest issue of The Economist. Demographic data has long suggested that middle age is the most miserable period of life. A new survey, however, suggests that younger generations are increasingly unhappy. Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+. For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.
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  • The Economist.

  • Hello, this is Alok Jha, host of Babbage, our weekly podcast on science and technology.

  • Welcome to Editors Pics.

  • We've chosen an unmissable article from the latest edition of The Economist.

  • Please do have a listen.

  • For decades, surveys have suggested that middle age is the low point of life.

  • While young and old generally reported high levels of life satisfaction, those in mid-life endured a slump.

  • This "U-bend of happiness" or "hump of despair", depending on your perspective,

  • has been documented hundreds of times across many countries.

  • The age of peak misery varied—the Swiss were saddest at 35, Ukrainians in their 60s—but the pattern was consistent.

  • Recently, however, the curve seems to have become warped.

  • A study published on August 27th in PLOS ONE by economists David Blanchflower,

  • Alex Bryson and Xiaowei Xu finds that young people across the world are now reporting the highest levels of misery of any age group.

  • "We've seen a change from a hump shape to a ski slope," says Dr Bryson.

  • The authors first spotted the shift in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a long-running survey of Americans.

  • They calculated the share of respondents of each age who reported having poor mental health every day in the past month.

  • Between 2009 and 2018, the familiar hump was present: misery peaked in middle age.

  • But from 2019 to 2024, the pattern changed.

  • Levels of unhappiness in middle-aged and older adults remained roughly stable while despair among younger people rose.

  • Britain shows the same trend.