The bomb (part 1): were nuclear weapons inevitable?

核武不可避免吗

Babbage from The Economist

2025-07-17

44 分钟
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Where did the world's most devastating weapon come from? In a four-part series, we go behind the scenes at America's nuclear laboratories to understand how a scientific-mystery story about the ingredients of matter led to a world-changing (and second-world-war-ending) bomb less than five decades later.  Nuclear weapons have been central to geopolitical power ever since. Now America is seeking to modernise its stockpile and, in doing so, its scientists are pushing the frontiers of extreme physics, materials science and computing. In episode one, we look at the birth of nuclear physics—the science that emerged early in the 20th century to answer a mystery: what is an atom actually made of? Host: Alok Jha, The Economist's science and technology editor. Contributors: Frank Close, a physicist and author of “Destroyer of Worlds”, a history of the birth of nuclear physics; Cheryl Rofer, a chemist who used to work at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); and Nicholas Lewis, a historian at LANL. This episode features archive from the Atomic Heritage Foundation.  Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts. This is a free episode. To continue listening to “The Bomb”, you'll need to subscribe. Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.
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  • The Economist.

  • On July 16, 1945, at 5.29 in the morning,

  • an audacious experiment took place in the deserts of New Mexico.

  • It was the culmination of five decades of theories, arguments and experiments amongst physicists

  • who'd been trying to crack a scientific mystery.

  • What lay inside atoms?

  • On that summer morning 80 years ago It had all led to this.

  • First a flash of light, that enormous fireball,

  • the mushroom cloud rising thousands of feet in the sky,

  • and then a long time afterwards, the sound.

  • The rumble, thunder in the mountains.

  • An explosion bigger than anything anyone had ever seen before.

  • It was the dawn of the nuclear age.

  • Ever since that day, the world has been grappling with the devastating power of nuclear weapons.

  • Warfare, international security and geopolitics have never been the same.

  • Whatever you think of them, these doomsday weapons are here to stay.

  • For 80 years, they've maintained order around the world, albeit in an uneasy, controversial way.

  • And today, as political tensions rise, so does their importance.

  • Over the next four weeks in a special series for Babbage,

  • we'll investigate the past, present and future of nuclear weapons.