Synth wave: designing proteins and genomes from scratch

合成波:从零开始设计蛋白质和基因组

Babbage from The Economist

2025-07-10

38 分钟

单集简介 ...

Proteins are the molecular machines that make life work. Each one in your body has a specific task—some become muscles, bones and skin. Others carry oxygen in the blood or get used as hormones or antibodies. Yet more become enzymes, helping to catalyse chemical reactions inside our bodies.  Given proteins can do so many things, what if scientists could design bespoke versions to order? Novel proteins, never seen before in nature, could make biofuels, say, or clean up pollution or create new ways to harvest power from sunlight. David Baker, a biochemist and recent Nobel laureate in chemistry, has been working on that challenge since the 1980s. Now, powered by artificial intelligence and inspired by living cells, he is leading scientists around the world in inventing a whole new molecular world.  Host: Alok Jha, The Economist's science and technology editor. Contributors: David Baker of the University of Washington; and The Economist's Geoff Carr and Emilie Steinmark.  Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts. Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.
更多

单集文稿 ...

  • If you could step inside one of your body's cells,

  • you'd be amazed at the sheer amount of activity going on inside.

  • Glucose molecules are being torn apart to release energy.

  • Snippets of RNA zoom around, carrying messages from one part of the cell to the other.

  • Jostling between everything else, water molecules buzz around,

  • powering and enabling chemical reactions.

  • DNA, the master blueprint for your body, sits coiled up inside the centre of the cell, its nucleus.

  • Tiny blobs, lysosomes, float around tidying up by looking for any junk or detritus to eat.

  • And then there's the ribosomes.

  • These molecular machines take the information written on a cell's DNA and like a factory churning out...

  • endless widgets of all shapes and sizes, they turn that code into proteins.

  • The chemistry of life depends on proteins.

  • These long complex molecules, built from chains of smaller units called amino acids,

  • emerge from ribosomes as long floppy chains.

  • Once released into the water inside a cell though,

  • those chains fold and coil into precise three-dimensional shapes.

  • A protein's shape is critical for its function.

  • Some proteins become muscles, bones and skin.

  • Others carry oxygen in the blood or get used as hormones or antibodies.

  • Yet more become enzymes,