decimate

减半,毁灭性打击

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day

语言学习

2025-04-27

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Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for April 27, 2025 is: decimate DESS-uh-mayt verb Decimate can mean both “to destroy a large number of (plants, animals, people, etc.)” or “to severely damage or destroy a large part of (something).” // The bay’s lobsters have been decimated by disease. // Budget cuts have decimated public services throughout the state. [See the entry >](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/decimate) Examples: “The deer—and there is an abundance of those animals this year—got into my beans and within a few nights they had all but decimated my crop. Tracks showed that at least half a dozen whitetails were invading the garden every night.” — Donnie Johnston, The Free Lance-Star (Fredericksburg, Virginia), 6 Aug. 2024 Did you know? Decimate is a word that often raises [hackles](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hackle), at least those belonging to a small but committed group of [logophiles](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/logophile) who feel that it is commonly misused. The issue that they have with the decline and fall of the word decimate is that once upon a time in ancient Rome it had a very singular meaning: “to select by lot and kill every tenth man of a military unit.” However, many words in English descended from Latin have changed and/or expanded their meanings in their travels. For example, we no longer think of [sinister](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sinister) as meaning “on the left side,” and [delicious](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/delicious) can describe things both tasty and delightful. Was the “to kill every tenth man” meaning the original use of decimate in English? Yes, but not by much. It took only a few decades for decimate to acquire its broader, familiar meaning of “to severely damage or destroy,” which has been employed steadily since the 17th century.
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  • It's the Word of the Day podcast for April 27th.

  • Today's word is decimate, spelled D-E-C-I-M-A-T-E.

  • Decimate is a verb.

  • It can mean both to destroy a large number of plants or animals or people or to severely damage or destroy a large part of something.

  • Here's the word used in a sentence from the freelance star of Fredericksburg.

  • The deer, and there is an abundance of those animals this year,

  • got into my beans and, within a few nights, they had all but decimated my crop.

  • Tracks showed that at least half a dozen whitetails were invading the garden every night.

  • The word decimate is one that often raises hackles,

  • at least those belonging to a small but committed group of logophiles who feel that it is commonly misused.

  • The issue that they have with the decline and fall of the word decimate is that once upon a time in ancient Rome,

  • it had a very singular meaning, to select by lot and kill every tenth man of a military unit.

  • However,

  • many words in English descended from Latin have changed and or expanded their meanings in their travels.

  • For example,

  • we no longer think of sinister as meaning on the left side and delicious can describe things both tasty and delightful.

  • Was the to kill every tenth man meaning the original use of decimate in English?

  • Yes, but not by much.

  • It took only a few decades for the word decimate to acquire its broader familiar meaning of to severely damage or destroy,

  • which has been employed steadily since the 17th century.