Dark Breath

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Discovery

2026-04-14

26 分钟
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In July 2024 a startling scientific paper was published. Headlined ‘Evidence of dark oxygen production at the abyssal seafloor’, scientists told how they had discovered oxygen being made two and a half miles down, at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Their claim centred on small polymetallic nodules on the seafloor, and the key question - could these lumps of metal somehow be making oxygen in complete darkness? It was an extraordinary finding that, if proven, could overturn hundreds of years of scientific knowledge about how this crucial ingredient for life is made. It prompted global headlines and split scientists. But a year and a half on, are we any closer to knowing the answer... Is dark oxygen really possible? BBC News science correspondent Victoria Gill investigates for BBC Radio 4, and finds so much more than a scientific anomaly. Dark Breath is the story of a scientific controversy played out in real time. A row about science that became personal. And a discovery that crashed headlong into the debate about whether we should mine metals from the deep sea. What does the story tell us about the messy and human scientific process? And what bearing does it have on the decision to exploit some of the last untouched parts of our planet? Presenter: Victoria Gill Producer: Gerry Holt Editor: Ilan Goodman
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  • Back in 2024, on a drizzly summer day, an email landed in my inbox.

  • It was a tip-off about a new study that was about to be published in a big journal.

  • I'm a science journalist.

  • I get sent lots of new research every week.

  • But the subject line grabbed me.

  • It said, evidence of dark oxygen production at the abyssal sea floor.

  • So I opened it and read an extraordinary claim.

  • Oxygen had been discovered two and a half miles down, produced at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, in complete darkness.

  • In a place where it couldn't possibly be made.

  • School science textbooks tell us that oxygen's made by plants in sunlight,

  • and there 's no sunlight at the seabed 4,000 metres down.

  • So this was a tantalising claim.

  • If true, it could upend hundreds of years of scientific knowledge,

  • everything we know about how oxygen, that vital ingredient for life, is made.

  • So I reported on it, as did much of the world's media.

  • Scientists say they've discovered a source of oxygen deep in the Pacific Ocean that they never knew existed.

  • About half of the oxygen in the air we breathe comes from the seas,

  • and until now is thought to be made exclusively by marine plants using sunlight.

  • But a year and a half on, some scientists have serious doubts, and I still have so many questions.

  • Top of that list?