Dr. Zachary Knight: The Science of Hunger & Medications to Combat Obesity

扎卡里·奈特博士:饥饿的科学与对抗肥胖的药物

Huberman Lab

2024-06-17

2 小时 18 分钟
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单集简介 ...

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Zachary Knight, Ph.D., a professor of physiology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. We discuss how the brain controls our sense of hunger, satiety, and thirst. He explains how dopamine levels impact our cravings and eating behavior (amount, food choices, etc) and how we develop and can change our food preferences and adjust how much we need to eat to feel satisfied. We discuss factors that have led to the recent rise in obesity, such as interactions between our genes and the environment and the role of processed foods and food combinations. We also discuss the new class of medications developed for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, including the GLP-1 agonists semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro). We discuss how these medications work to promote weight loss, the source of their side effects, and the newer compounds soon to overcome some of those side effects, such as muscle loss. Dr. Knight provides an exceptionally clear explanation for our sense of hunger, thirst, and food cravings that translates to practical knowledge to help listeners better understand their relationship to food, food choices, and meal size to improve their diet and overall health. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman  BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Zachary Knight 00:02:38 Sponsors: BetterHelp, Helix Sleep & Waking Up 00:07:07 Hunger & Timescales 00:11:28 Body Fat, Leptin, Hunger 00:17:51 Leptin Resistance & Obesity 00:20:52 Hunger, Food Foraging & Feeding Behaviors, AgRP Neurons 00:30:26 Sponsor: AG1 00:32:15 Body Weight & Obesity, Genes & POMC Neurons 00:39:54 Obesity, Genetics & Environmental Factors 00:46:05 Whole Foods, Ultra-Processed Foods & Palatability 00:49:32 Increasing Whole Food Consumption, Sensory Specific Satiety & Learning 00:58:55 Calories vs. Macronutrients, Protein & Salt 01:02:23 Sponsor: LMNT 01:03:58 Challenges of Weight Loss: Hunger & Energy Expenditure 01:09:50 GLP-1 Drug Development, Semaglutide, Ozempic, Wegovy 01:19:03 GLP-1 Drugs: Muscle Loss, Appetite Reduction, Nausea 01:23:24 Pharmacologic & Physiologic Effects; GLP-1 Drugs, Additional Positive Effects 01:30:14 GLP-1-Plus Development, Tirzepatide, Mounjaro, AMG 133 01:34:49 Alpha-MSH & Pharmacology 01:40:41 Dopamine, Eating & Context 01:46:01 Dopamine & Learning, Water Content & Food 01:53:23 Salt, Water & Thirst 02:03:27 Hunger vs. Thirst 02:05:46 Dieting, Nutrition & Mindset 02:09:39 Tools: Improving Diet & Limiting Food Intake 02:14:15 Anti-Obesity Drug Development 02:17:03 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
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单集文稿 ...

  • Welcome to the Huberman Lab podcast, where we discuss science and science based tools for everyday life.

  • I'm Andrew Huberman, and I'm a professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine.

  • My guest today is Doctor Zachary Knight.

  • Doctor Zachary Knight is a professor of physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

  • For those of you that don't know Howard Hughes, medical investigators are selected from an extremely competitive pool of applicants and have to renew in order to maintain their investigatorship with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute every five years or so, placing him in the most elite of categories with respect to research scientists.

  • His laboratory focuses on homeostasis, in particular, what drives our sense of hunger, what drives our sense of thirst, and what controls thermoregulation, which is the ability to maintain body temperature within a specific safe range.

  • Today, we mainly focus on hunger.

  • Doctor Zachary Knight explains the biological mechanisms for craving food.

  • For consuming food, and believe it or not, you have brain circuits that actually determine how much you're likely to eat even before you take your very first bite.

  • And he explains the biological mechanisms for satiety, that is, the sense that one has had enough of a particular food or food group.

  • Doctor Knight also explains explains the role of dopamine in food craving and consumption, which I think everybody will find very surprising because it runs countercurrent to most people's understanding of what dopamine does in the context of eating and other cravings.

  • Today's discussion also includes a deep dive into glp one, glucagon like peptide, and the novel class of drugs such as ozempic and munjaro, and other related compounds that are now widespread in use for the reduction in body weight.

  • Doctor Knight explains how GLP one was first discovered, and how these drugs were developed, how they work, and importantly, why they work, and how that is leading to the next generation of so called diet drugs, or drugs to treat obesity, diabetes and related syndromes.

  • We also discussed thirst and the intimate relationship between water consumption and food consumption.

  • And we also talk about the relationship between sodium intake, water intake, and food intake.

  • By the end of today's conversation, you have learned a tremendous amount about the modern understanding of hunger, thirst and salt intake, as well as this modern class of drugs such as ozempic and related compounds, all from a truly world class investigator in the subjects of researching hunger, thirst and thermal regulation.

  • Before you begin, I'd like to emphasize that this podcast is separate from my teaching and research roles at Stanford.

  • It is, however, part of my desire and effort to bring zero cost to consumer information about science and science related tools to the general public.

  • In keeping with that theme, I'd like to thank the sponsors of today's podcast.

  • Our first sponsor is Betterhelp.