The end of civilisation: Bronze Age collapse

文明的终结:青铜时代的崩溃

The Forum

社会与文化

2022-11-03

41 分钟
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More than 3,000 years ago a group of powerful and intricately connected Mediterranean kingdoms collapsed over the course of just a few decades. The palaces of Mycenaean Greece were destroyed, entire cities in Hittite Turkey were abandoned, and whole empires disintegrated. Some civilisations disappeared completely. But what caused the so-called Bronze Age collapse - climate change, trade breakdown, internal rebellion, or a mysterious group of invaders known as the ‘Sea Peoples'? Some historians have called the aftermath a 'dark age', but was it really as gloomy as that, and might this period of wealth, pressure, and decline offer us any lessons today? Rajan Datar is joined by İlgi Gerçek, assistant professor of ancient Near Eastern languages and history at Bilkent University, in Ankara; Eric Cline, professor of classics, history, and anthropology at The George Washington University, in Washington DC, and author of ‘1177BC: The Year Civilisation Collapsed’; and Marc van de Mieroop, professor of history at Columbia University, in New York. Producer: Simon Tulett (Photo: The ancient site of Patara in Turkey's Antalya province. Patara (Patar in Hittite language), was once the capital of the Lycian Union. Credit: Mustafa Ciftci/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)
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  • In the remote mountain range in northern Turkey,

  • 200 kilometres east of the capital Ankara, lie the ruins of an ancient city.

  • Built on a slope overlooking the valley below,

  • it stretches across 450 acres and is thought to have been home to up to 50,000 people.

  • There in the ruins are the remains of temples, palaces and sophisticated rock art.

  • Archeologists have also found thousands of clay tablets there,

  • containing state archives, literature,

  • legal codes and examples of international diplomacy, like this one,

  • the world's earliest surviving peace treaty between two mighty powers.

  • Ramses, the Great King, the King of the country of Egypt,

  • has established this bound by treaty on a silver tablet with hotusini.

  • The Great King, the King of the country of Hati,

  • is brother starting from this day to settle forever among them a good peace and a good fraternity.

  • The Hittites and their imposing mountain capital Hattusa, the ancient city I was referring to,

  • formed one of the most powerful empires in the Mediterranean around 3,000 years ago.

  • And it was just one of a number of civilisations that thrived at this time,